Circulation Quiz Review

Compare the following:

Pulmonary vs. systemic (blood vessels, function, oxygenated vs. deoxygenated)

Pulmonary Circulation: Blood is sent into the lungs. Deoxygenated blood is found in the right atrium which pumps into the right ventricle. Deoxygenated blood then goes out the pulmonary artery which becomes oxygenated in the lungs. Oxygenated blood goes to the pulmonary vein where it enters the left atrium.

Systemic Circulation: Oxygenated blood in the left atrium go to the left ventricle and is then pumped into the aorta. Then, blood travels into different arteries that branch off in our bodies, which then find themselves in the capillaries where gas exchange takes place. Deoxygenated blood then enters the right atrium via the superior or inferior vena cava.

Arteries vs. veins (structure)

Both arteries and veins have three layers, but arteries have thicker walls than veins. Arteries then shrink into smaller blood vessels called arterioles while veins turn into venules. The main difference between arteries and veins is that veins ahve valves that run along the walls to prevent blood from falling back down instead of going to the heart.

*List the structures (specific blood vessels, parts of the heart) that a blood cell would pass by within the circulatory system - moving from the carotid artery all the way back to the aorta.  Include information about where and when the blood is oxygenated and deoxygenated.

From the carotid artery, oxygenated blood would go through the artery, then its arteriole and finally to the capillaries. There, gas exchange would occur, and now deoxygenated blood would travel to the jugular vein and down to the superior vena cava. It enters the right atrium, through the AV valve and  moves to the right ventricle. The deoxygenated blood goes through the pulmonary artery where it enters the lungs to get oxygenated. The oxygenated blood goes through the pulmonary vein where it enters the left atrium, goes through the AV valve down the left ventricle and finally out the aorta.

Fetal circulation:  Describe the 3 major modifications of the fetal circulatory system.  What is the purpose of each?

Foramen ovale: Hole between right atrium and left atrium. Provides oxygen and blood flow, which bysses the lungs.

Ductus arteriosus: Hole between aorta and pulmonary trunk. This prevents blood from going to the lungs

Ductus venosus: Vein where oxygenated blood goes to the heart.

Urinary Video Question

What are kidney stones?
Kidney stones are hard crystalline minerals that are found in the urinary tract. They are clumps of calcium oxalate. They can be formed in a number of ways. When people get dehydrated the minerals in urine become more concentrated and kidney stones can start forming. Kidney stones are also hereditary and people who have had them before have a higher chance of getting them again. Kidney stones are dangerous because they can block the flow of urine and cause swelling in the kidney. The kidney can then be damaged and the kidneys could get infected. People who have kidney stones feel pain when urinating, develop fevers, and vomit. Stones usually pass by themselves in a matter of weeks, but others might need to be broken up or surgically removed. Symptoms of kidneys stones are usually treated with prescription medication and drinking lots of fluidsd.

http://chealth.canoe.ca/channel_condition_info_details.asp?disease_id=173&channel_id=2035&relation_id=20729

http://www.medicinenet.com/kidney_stone/page2.htm

Playland

Heart Rate: how does waiting in line for a ride affect your heart rate?  Did you record your heart rate before and after (any evidence)? How about riding on the ride - what affect did it have on your heart rate?
For most of the rides, my heart rate rate increased considerably, especially when the line started to get smaller and smaller. Unfortunately, I did not get any readings on my heart rate, but it was defnintely faster than normal. During the the beginning of rides, especially the atmosfear, my heart rate stayed at an increased pace, but after a few seconds of riding the ride, it went down to normal.

Why do you think your heart rate is affected?
Heart rate is affected by rides because when under a stressful situation, your sympathetic nervous system activates. Blood needs to pump faster in order to act on your fight or flight responses.

Breathing Rate:  Was your breathing rate affected by the rides?  Which ones?
Again, when waiting for rides, my breathing was fast and short, and got shorter and shorter during the wait, especially for the wooden roller coaster and the atmosfear. Rides like the breakdance and the scrambler didn't affect me too much because the rides werent't focused on height.

What other physiological effects (on your body) did you experience?  Can you explain any of them?
Other physiological effects I experienced were feeling nauseous, sweating, along with the shortness of breath and increased heart rate. All of these symptoms are part of our sympathetic nervous system responses to help us deal with the stressors that were applied.